Antonio de Oquendo Contents Naval career Role in the Battle of the Downs References Navigation menuXX17368020000 0003 7615 0913no2015145105252297820252297820

1577 births1640 deathsSpanish admirals17th-century Spanish peopleNaval commanders of the Eighty Years' WarPeople of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)People of the Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)


San SebastiánGuipúzcoaA CoruñaBattle of the DownsCaptain-GeneralMiguel de OquendoPasajesArmada InvencibleprivateerBattle of the Gulf of CádizBiscayBay of BiscayViceroyalty of New SpainJuan Fajardo de Entenza y de GuevaraSpanish treasure fleetAndesnepotismducatsFadrique de ToledoLa MámoraMoorsPernambucoDutch West India CompanyAdriaan PaterMadridKingdom of NaplesMahónMenorcaThirty Years WarFranceviscountCadizDunkirkStrait of DoverMaarten TrompWitte de Withline-of-battleThe DownsKentCharles I of Englandattacked the Spanish fleetA Coruña




















Antonio de Oquendo
Antonio de Oquendo.jpg
BornOctober 1577
San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa
Died7 June 1640
A Coruña
AllegianceSpain
Service/branchSpanish Navy
Years of service1594-1640
RankCaptain General
Battles/wars

  • Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
    • Battle of the Gulf of Cádiz


  • Eighty Years' War

    • Battle of St. Kitts (1629)


    • Battle of Albrolhos (1631)


    • Battle of the Downs (1639)


Relations
Miguel de Oquendo (father)

Antonio de Oquendo (October 1577 in San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa – 7 June 1640, in A Coruña) was a Spanish admiral; in 1639 he was in command of the Spanish forces at the Battle of the Downs.




Statue for Antonio de Oquendo, San Sebastián




Plaque on base of statue




Contents





  • 1 Naval career

    • 1.1 Later promotions



  • 2 Role in the Battle of the Downs


  • 3 References




Naval career


Antonio was the son of Captain-General Miguel de Oquendo, who died in October 1588 when his ship foundered off Pasajes, while coming back from the ill-fated campaign of the Armada Invencible.[1] In 1594 he entered naval service. He commanded a naval squadron made of his flagship, the Delfín de Escocia, and the Dobladilla, two 500 ton galleons. On 7 August 1604 he captured an English privateer at the Battle of the Gulf of Cádiz.[2] In 1607 he was appointed commander of the Biscay squadron, which was that year enlarged and renamed the squadron of the Bay of Biscay. From the same year he also functioned as the General of the Fleet of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.


In 1619 he temporarily replaced Juan Fajardo de Entenza y de Guevara, arrested for insubordination, as commander of the Squadron of the Ocean, the Atlantic high seas navy. Ordered to be Fajardo's successor he refused, at the same time trying to make the government aware of the many shortcomings in the naval organisation; as a result he was himself incarcerated. Soon his imprisonment was changed for a forced stay in a convent. After a while Prince Philbert arranged his release; De Oquendo was then given command for a few years of the yearly Spanish treasure fleet, transporting the silver from the Andes to Spain.


In 1624 he was brought to trial on accusations of fraud and nepotism but managed to show that the charges were fabricated by his enemies within the fleet. Nevertheless, he was barred from command of the treasure fleet for four years and condemned to pay an indemnity of 12,000 ducats for having caused the loss of the galleons Espíritu Santo and Santísima Trinidad near Cuba through neglect of duty.



Later promotions


In 1626 De Oquendo became Admiral-General of the Ocean Fleet, under Captain-General Fadrique de Toledo. In 1628 by his own initiative he relieved La Mámora, at the time besieged by the Moors.


In 1631 he commanded a troop convoy destined for Brazil, to retake the city of Pernambuco, the previous year conquered by the Dutch West India Company. On 12 September he engaged and defeated a Dutch WIC fleet under Admiral Adriaan Pater, allowing him to successfully land the troop contingent. The Spanish lost one vessel, the Dutch three. De Oquendo was now promoted to the highest rank, that of Captain-General.


In 1636 he was arrested for duelling an Italian nobleman in Madrid. In 1637 he refused to reinforce the fleet of the Kingdom of Naples because his squadron was undermanned and poorly supplied. He was punished by being appointed governor of Mahón, the capital of the island of Menorca.



Role in the Battle of the Downs


Main article: Battle of the Downs

However, in 1639 the situation of Spain in the Thirty Years War strongly deteriorated. France had blocked the usual land route to the Army of Flanders and in August De Oquendo was made a viscount and given command of a large transport fleet to ship reinforcements from Cadiz to Dunkirk. On 15 September he was intercepted near the Strait of Dover by the squadron of Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp, who was reinforced two days later by a flotilla of Vice-Admiral Witte de With.


Though the Dutch force was rather small, consisting of only seventeen vessels, it managed by a clever use of the line-of-battle to severely damage the larger and crowded Spanish ships. De Oquendo feared that if he entered the narrow channel to Dunkirk, he would be trapped in that port, so he opted to take refuge in The Downs, in neutral English waters at the coast of Kent. As Charles I of England had concluded a secret treaty with Spain against the Dutch, De Oquendo hoped to move his troops to Flanders by means of English shipping. On 31 October the Dutch fleet, grown to over a hundred ships, violated English neutrality and attacked the Spanish fleet, succeeding in destroying or capturing many enemy vessels. De Oquendo himself escaped but was heavily wounded and morally broken. He never fully recovered. After his return to Spain he soon died in A Coruña.



References




  1. ^ Sada, Javier M. (2002).Historia de la ciudad de San Sebastián. Alberdania, p. 307. .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
    ISBN 8495589559 (in Spanish)


  2. ^ Arzamendi Orbegozo, Ignacio (1981). El Almirante D. Antonio de Oquendo. Sociedad Guipuzcoana de Ediciones y Publicaciones, p. 130 (in Spanish)









-

Popular posts from this blog

Thal And Out Agency railway station See also References External links Navigation menuOfficial Web Site of Pakistan RailwaysArchivedOfficial Web Site of Pakistan Railwayseeexpanding ite

Image
Golra Sharif KutbalFatehjangGaganChauntraKahal Basal Junction DomelNammalChura Sharif HaltLangar Jand Junction Khushalgarh Faqir Hussain ShaheedTilkanSeni GambatBabari BandaCadet College Kohat Kohat Cantonment Kohat Tehsil Nasrat Khel Chikarkot Ustarzai Raisan Ibrahimzai Hangu Doaba Darsmand Thal Aab-e-gumAhmedwalAlam RegAlozaiAzadBadinzaiBakhtiarabad DomkiBeleli Bostan Junction Chaman ChurmianDalbandinDamboliDera Allah YarDera Murad JamaliDingraDozanGalangurGatGulistanHirokKan MehtarzaiKhanaiKhan Muhammad ChahKila SaifullahKishingiKoh-e-TaftanKolpurKuchlakMachMangoliMirjavehMushkafMuslimbaghNok KundiNushkiNuttallPadag RoadPerakPehro KunriPanirPeshiQilla Abdullah Quetta Sar-i-AbSheikh MandahSheikh Wasil Sibi Junction Spezand Junction Shela BaghTozghiWali KhanYakmachYaru Zhob IslamabadGolra Sharif Junction Attock City Junction Attock KhurdBahawalpurChiniotDandot RSFaisalabadGujar KhanGujratJalloJhang SadarJhelum Khanewal Junction KhanpurKhewra Lahore Junction Lahore CantonmentLiaquat Pu...
Read more

Understanding generators in Python2019 Community Moderator ElectionGenerator function not working pythonFor loop not executing two timesGenerators - Printing generated valuesWhy can a python generator only be used once?What exactly do generators do?What does the “yield” keyword do?What does “list comprehension” mean? How does it work and how can I use it?sklearn Kfold acces single fold instead of for loopIs a generator the callable? Which is the generator?Apply Border To Range Of Cells Using OpenpyxlCalling an external command in PythonWhat are metaclasses in Python?What is the difference between @staticmethod and @classmethod?Finding the index of an item given a list containing it in PythonDifference between append vs. extend list methods in PythonHow can I safely create a nested directory in Python?Does Python have a ternary conditional operator?Understanding slice notationUnderstanding Python super() with __init__() methodsDoes Python have a string 'contains' substring method?

Image
What is it called when someone votes for an option that's not their first choice? Have the tides ever turned twice on any open problem? Is xar preinstalled on macOS? "Marked down as someone wanting to sell shares." What does that mean? Does fire aspect on a sword, destroy mob drops? Is VPN a layer 3 concept? Exposing a company lying about themselves in a tightly knit industry: Is my career at risk on the long run? Symbolism of 18 Journeyers How can a new country break out from a developed country without war? What is the difference between something being completely legal and being completely decriminalized? Does convergence of polynomials imply that of its coefficients? Friend wants my recommendation but I don't want to give it to him Why I don't get the wanted width of tcbox? Single word to change groups Would this string work as string? Unfrosted light bulb Air travel with refrigerated insulin What is the tangent at a sharp poi...
Read more

How can I change the color of pagination dots of UIPageControl?How to change UIPageControl dotsIs there a way to change page indicator dots colorCustomize dot with image of UIPageControl at index 0 of UIPageControlNo visible @interface for 'NSObject<PageControlDelegate>' declares the selector 'pageControlPageDidChange:'How to change the color of pagination dots in UIPageControl with a different color per pagepagecontrol indicator custom image instead of DefaultChanging the colour of UIPageControl dots in MonoTouchpagecontrol selectable page visibility color?Alternative way to load ViewControllers on a UIPageControlHow to set only layer.border-color for UIpage control dots in swiftHow can I develop for iPhone using a Windows development machine?How to change the name of an iOS app?UITableView - change section header coloruipagecontrol indicator(dot)issueCustom UIPageControl dots color not changingchange the interspace between UIPageControl dotsHow to change Status Bar text color in iOSHow can I change image tintColor in iOS and WatchKitUIPageControl dots with larger space in between each dotsHow to change the color of pagination dots in UIPageControl with a different color per page

Image
How do I implement a file system driver driver in Linux? Fly on a jet pack vs fly with a jet pack? Is possible to search in vim history? Translation of Scottish 16th century church stained glass Ridge Regression with Gradient Descent Converges to OLS estimates What linear sensor for a keyboard? Did US corporations pay demonstrators in the German demonstrations against article 13? Is it improper etiquette to ask your opponent what his/her rating is before the game? Why does Async/Await work properly when the loop is inside the async function and not the other way around? Why did the EU agree to delay the Brexit deadline? A Permanent Norse Presence in America Did arcade monitors have same pixel aspect ratio as TV sets? Can the Supreme Court overturn an impeachment? Drawing ramified coverings with tikz Greco-Roman egalitarianism Can someone explain how this makes sense electrically? Is it possible to use .desktop files to open local pdf files on specific pa...
Read more