Where does the proton come in the reduction of NAD?the Oxidization reaction of NADHCellular Respiration/Fermentation Problem Leading to Lack of EnergyPresence of reaction module in bacteria but not in Eukaryotas (human)Equilibrium and Metabolism: Can cells exist at STATIC equilibrium? What about dynamic equilibrium?Why does NAD+ become reduced if it gains a hydrogen proton?What happens during the fermentation process of the eco-enzyme?Why is the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex endergonic (induced fit model)?Enzyme kinetics types?Quinone A, Quinone B, Ubiquinone, Plastoquinone: whats the difference?Why does Thiamine pyrophosphate have phosphates?Where does the additional 1 proton cost of oxidative phosphorylation come from?
Can I use USB data pins as power source
Credit cards used everywhere in Singapore or Malaysia?
What is a^b and (a&b)<<1?
How to use deus ex machina safely?
What is the significance behind "40 days" that often appears in the Bible?
What options are left, if Britain cannot decide?
How to explain that I do not want to visit a country due to personal safety concern?
Min function accepting varying number of arguments in C++17
Official degrees of earth’s rotation per day
Who is flying the vertibirds?
Does someone need to be connected to my network to sniff HTTP requests?
Welcoming 2019 Pi day: How to draw the letter π?
compactness of a set where am I going wrong
Why did it take so long to abandon sail after steamships were demonstrated?
How to deal with a cynical class?
Define, (actually define) the "stability" and "energy" of a compound
How do I hide Chekhov's Gun?
Why Choose Less Effective Armour Types?
Hacking a Safe Lock after 3 tries
What are substitutions for coconut in curry?
How to change two letters closest to a string and one letter immediately after a string using notepad++
Is it possible to upcast ritual spells?
Are ETF trackers fundamentally better than individual stocks?
Is there a data structure that only stores hash codes and not the actual objects?
Where does the proton come in the reduction of NAD?
the Oxidization reaction of NADHCellular Respiration/Fermentation Problem Leading to Lack of EnergyPresence of reaction module in bacteria but not in Eukaryotas (human)Equilibrium and Metabolism: Can cells exist at STATIC equilibrium? What about dynamic equilibrium?Why does NAD+ become reduced if it gains a hydrogen proton?What happens during the fermentation process of the eco-enzyme?Why is the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex endergonic (induced fit model)?Enzyme kinetics types?Quinone A, Quinone B, Ubiquinone, Plastoquinone: whats the difference?Why does Thiamine pyrophosphate have phosphates?Where does the additional 1 proton cost of oxidative phosphorylation come from?
$begingroup$
In our curriculum biology textbook the reduction of NAD+ is depicted as follows:
NAD+ + 2 H+ → NADH + H+
If this proton in the products was not present in the reactants, then where does it come from? Alternatively, if it does not take part in the reaction, then why is it depicted?
biochemistry
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In our curriculum biology textbook the reduction of NAD+ is depicted as follows:
NAD+ + 2 H+ → NADH + H+
If this proton in the products was not present in the reactants, then where does it come from? Alternatively, if it does not take part in the reaction, then why is it depicted?
biochemistry
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
$endgroup$
2
$begingroup$
Can you reference the book? It's a bit weird, usually, NAD reduction is written simply likeNAD+ + H+ >> NADH, you don't need the extra proton. Having some more info from the book paragraph you have found this reaction may help.
$endgroup$
– alec_djinn
Mar 7 at 9:37
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In our curriculum biology textbook the reduction of NAD+ is depicted as follows:
NAD+ + 2 H+ → NADH + H+
If this proton in the products was not present in the reactants, then where does it come from? Alternatively, if it does not take part in the reaction, then why is it depicted?
biochemistry
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
$endgroup$
In our curriculum biology textbook the reduction of NAD+ is depicted as follows:
NAD+ + 2 H+ → NADH + H+
If this proton in the products was not present in the reactants, then where does it come from? Alternatively, if it does not take part in the reaction, then why is it depicted?
biochemistry
biochemistry
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
edited Mar 7 at 14:11
David
12.6k42256
12.6k42256
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
asked Mar 7 at 7:45
HosseinHossein
383
383
2
$begingroup$
Can you reference the book? It's a bit weird, usually, NAD reduction is written simply likeNAD+ + H+ >> NADH, you don't need the extra proton. Having some more info from the book paragraph you have found this reaction may help.
$endgroup$
– alec_djinn
Mar 7 at 9:37
add a comment |
2
$begingroup$
Can you reference the book? It's a bit weird, usually, NAD reduction is written simply likeNAD+ + H+ >> NADH, you don't need the extra proton. Having some more info from the book paragraph you have found this reaction may help.
$endgroup$
– alec_djinn
Mar 7 at 9:37
2
2
$begingroup$
Can you reference the book? It's a bit weird, usually, NAD reduction is written simply like
NAD+ + H+ >> NADH, you don't need the extra proton. Having some more info from the book paragraph you have found this reaction may help.$endgroup$
– alec_djinn
Mar 7 at 9:37
$begingroup$
Can you reference the book? It's a bit weird, usually, NAD reduction is written simply like
NAD+ + H+ >> NADH, you don't need the extra proton. Having some more info from the book paragraph you have found this reaction may help.$endgroup$
– alec_djinn
Mar 7 at 9:37
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
In a very simple way the equation describes the reaction. NAD is reduced using 2 hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms can come from one reactant (lactic acid fermentation) or from two (in a reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; as shown in the figure below).
First of all, I will pick a particular example from glycolysis, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Phosphate by its own has one hydrogen at cytosolic pH (because of the pKA). Thus in this reaction, there are two hydrogen atoms. One hydrogen atom is in the form of a hydride (a proton and two electrons) from the aldehyde group. This hydrogen atom is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. A second hydrogen atom (in the form of a proton) comes from the phosphate. In the bisphosphoglycerate form, the proton dissociates from the phosphate group and is in solution.
The eventual fate of the electrons that were used to reduce NAD+ to NADH is the electron transport chain (in the mitochondria). In some cases, though, for example muscle cells in an anaerobic environment, or other species that don't have an electron transport chain, the electrons are used in fermentation of pyruvate to alcohol or lactic acid. When NADH donates its electrons in either case, it is then oxidized back to NAD+.
References:
Glycolysis- NAD
- Lactic acid
fermentation - HPO4
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A quick search on Wikipedia showed the same reaction you book is presenting.
In metabolism, the compound accepts or donates electrons in redox
reactions.[2] Such reactions (summarized in the formula below) involve
the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form
of a hydride ion (H−), and a proton (H+). The proton is released into
solution, while the reductant RH2 is oxidized and NAD+ reduced to NADH
by transfer of the hydride to the nicotinamide ring.
RH2 + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + R
This should answer your question.
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
$endgroup$
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
);
);
, "mathjax-editing");
StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "375"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);
else
createEditor();
);
function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader:
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
,
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);
);
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fbiology.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f81770%2fwhere-does-the-proton-come-in-the-reduction-of-nad%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
In a very simple way the equation describes the reaction. NAD is reduced using 2 hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms can come from one reactant (lactic acid fermentation) or from two (in a reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; as shown in the figure below).
First of all, I will pick a particular example from glycolysis, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Phosphate by its own has one hydrogen at cytosolic pH (because of the pKA). Thus in this reaction, there are two hydrogen atoms. One hydrogen atom is in the form of a hydride (a proton and two electrons) from the aldehyde group. This hydrogen atom is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. A second hydrogen atom (in the form of a proton) comes from the phosphate. In the bisphosphoglycerate form, the proton dissociates from the phosphate group and is in solution.
The eventual fate of the electrons that were used to reduce NAD+ to NADH is the electron transport chain (in the mitochondria). In some cases, though, for example muscle cells in an anaerobic environment, or other species that don't have an electron transport chain, the electrons are used in fermentation of pyruvate to alcohol or lactic acid. When NADH donates its electrons in either case, it is then oxidized back to NAD+.
References:
Glycolysis- NAD
- Lactic acid
fermentation - HPO4
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In a very simple way the equation describes the reaction. NAD is reduced using 2 hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms can come from one reactant (lactic acid fermentation) or from two (in a reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; as shown in the figure below).
First of all, I will pick a particular example from glycolysis, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Phosphate by its own has one hydrogen at cytosolic pH (because of the pKA). Thus in this reaction, there are two hydrogen atoms. One hydrogen atom is in the form of a hydride (a proton and two electrons) from the aldehyde group. This hydrogen atom is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. A second hydrogen atom (in the form of a proton) comes from the phosphate. In the bisphosphoglycerate form, the proton dissociates from the phosphate group and is in solution.
The eventual fate of the electrons that were used to reduce NAD+ to NADH is the electron transport chain (in the mitochondria). In some cases, though, for example muscle cells in an anaerobic environment, or other species that don't have an electron transport chain, the electrons are used in fermentation of pyruvate to alcohol or lactic acid. When NADH donates its electrons in either case, it is then oxidized back to NAD+.
References:
Glycolysis- NAD
- Lactic acid
fermentation - HPO4
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In a very simple way the equation describes the reaction. NAD is reduced using 2 hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms can come from one reactant (lactic acid fermentation) or from two (in a reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; as shown in the figure below).
First of all, I will pick a particular example from glycolysis, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Phosphate by its own has one hydrogen at cytosolic pH (because of the pKA). Thus in this reaction, there are two hydrogen atoms. One hydrogen atom is in the form of a hydride (a proton and two electrons) from the aldehyde group. This hydrogen atom is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. A second hydrogen atom (in the form of a proton) comes from the phosphate. In the bisphosphoglycerate form, the proton dissociates from the phosphate group and is in solution.
The eventual fate of the electrons that were used to reduce NAD+ to NADH is the electron transport chain (in the mitochondria). In some cases, though, for example muscle cells in an anaerobic environment, or other species that don't have an electron transport chain, the electrons are used in fermentation of pyruvate to alcohol or lactic acid. When NADH donates its electrons in either case, it is then oxidized back to NAD+.
References:
Glycolysis- NAD
- Lactic acid
fermentation - HPO4
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
$endgroup$
In a very simple way the equation describes the reaction. NAD is reduced using 2 hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms can come from one reactant (lactic acid fermentation) or from two (in a reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; as shown in the figure below).
First of all, I will pick a particular example from glycolysis, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Phosphate by its own has one hydrogen at cytosolic pH (because of the pKA). Thus in this reaction, there are two hydrogen atoms. One hydrogen atom is in the form of a hydride (a proton and two electrons) from the aldehyde group. This hydrogen atom is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. A second hydrogen atom (in the form of a proton) comes from the phosphate. In the bisphosphoglycerate form, the proton dissociates from the phosphate group and is in solution.
The eventual fate of the electrons that were used to reduce NAD+ to NADH is the electron transport chain (in the mitochondria). In some cases, though, for example muscle cells in an anaerobic environment, or other species that don't have an electron transport chain, the electrons are used in fermentation of pyruvate to alcohol or lactic acid. When NADH donates its electrons in either case, it is then oxidized back to NAD+.
References:
Glycolysis- NAD
- Lactic acid
fermentation - HPO4
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
edited 2 days ago
De Novo
7,16611340
7,16611340
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
answered Mar 7 at 10:31
L.DiagoL.Diago
1,4951425
1,4951425
1
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
1
1
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
$begingroup$
Hi LDiago. I've edited your post to make it a little more readable, and added a little more explanation in a few parts. I hope you find it helpful! Please feel free to rollback if I've inadvertently changed the meaning, or you disagree with me on style.
$endgroup$
– De Novo
2 days ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A quick search on Wikipedia showed the same reaction you book is presenting.
In metabolism, the compound accepts or donates electrons in redox
reactions.[2] Such reactions (summarized in the formula below) involve
the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form
of a hydride ion (H−), and a proton (H+). The proton is released into
solution, while the reductant RH2 is oxidized and NAD+ reduced to NADH
by transfer of the hydride to the nicotinamide ring.
RH2 + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + R
This should answer your question.
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A quick search on Wikipedia showed the same reaction you book is presenting.
In metabolism, the compound accepts or donates electrons in redox
reactions.[2] Such reactions (summarized in the formula below) involve
the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form
of a hydride ion (H−), and a proton (H+). The proton is released into
solution, while the reductant RH2 is oxidized and NAD+ reduced to NADH
by transfer of the hydride to the nicotinamide ring.
RH2 + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + R
This should answer your question.
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A quick search on Wikipedia showed the same reaction you book is presenting.
In metabolism, the compound accepts or donates electrons in redox
reactions.[2] Such reactions (summarized in the formula below) involve
the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form
of a hydride ion (H−), and a proton (H+). The proton is released into
solution, while the reductant RH2 is oxidized and NAD+ reduced to NADH
by transfer of the hydride to the nicotinamide ring.
RH2 + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + R
This should answer your question.
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
$endgroup$
A quick search on Wikipedia showed the same reaction you book is presenting.
In metabolism, the compound accepts or donates electrons in redox
reactions.[2] Such reactions (summarized in the formula below) involve
the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form
of a hydride ion (H−), and a proton (H+). The proton is released into
solution, while the reductant RH2 is oxidized and NAD+ reduced to NADH
by transfer of the hydride to the nicotinamide ring.
RH2 + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + R
This should answer your question.
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
edited Mar 7 at 14:30
WYSIWYG
31.2k749132
31.2k749132
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
answered Mar 7 at 10:55
alec_djinnalec_djinn
2,781728
2,781728
add a comment |
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Biology Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fbiology.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f81770%2fwhere-does-the-proton-come-in-the-reduction-of-nad%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
2
$begingroup$
Can you reference the book? It's a bit weird, usually, NAD reduction is written simply like
NAD+ + H+ >> NADH, you don't need the extra proton. Having some more info from the book paragraph you have found this reaction may help.$endgroup$
– alec_djinn
Mar 7 at 9:37