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Submarines in the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the
Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond perfectly with the projects. See:

List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines

List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines

List of NATO reporting names for hunter-killer and experimental submarines

The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were.

Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:

К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")

ТК (TK): тяжелая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")

Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")

С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")

М (M): малая (malaya, "small")

Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":

New weapon, engines and armament testing

Submarines for long-range radio communications

Target submarines for anti-submarine training

Rescue service submarines

Covert operations

2 Nuclear-powered
- 2.1 Attack submarines
  - 2.1.1 First generation
  - 2.1.2 Second generation
  - 2.1.3 Third generation
  - 2.1.4 Fourth generation
- 2.2 Guided missile submarines
  - 2.2.1 First generation
  - 2.2.2 Second generation
  - 2.2.3 Third generation
  - 2.2.4 Fourth generation
- 2.3 Ballistic missile submarines
  - 2.3.1 First generation
  - 2.3.2 Second generation
  - 2.3.3 Third generation
  - 2.3.4 Fourth generation
- 2.4 Auxiliary submarines

3 Footnotes

4 External links

5 See also

Diesel-electric

Russo-Japanese War

Delfin

Kasatka class submarine

Som class submarine

Forel single unit/one off unit (class of its own)^[1]

Osetr class submarine

World War I era

Pochtovy

Minoga

Akula

Karp class submarine

Kaiman class submarine

Morzh class submarine

Narval class submarine

Krab

Amerikansky Golland (Holland 602GF/602L type)

Bars class submarine (1915)

World War II era

Project	Series	Built	Assignment
Dekabrist class submarine	Series I	6	large positional submarine
Leninets class submarine	Series II, XI, XIII, XIII-1938	25	Mine layers
Shchuka class submarine	Series III, V, V-bis, V-bis-2, X, X-1938	86	Medium-sized patrol submarines.
Pravda class submarine	Serie IV	3	Squadron submarines.
Malyutka class submarine	Series VI, VI-bis, XII, XV	110	Small submarines for coastal patrols.
Soviet S class submarine	Series IX,IX-bis	41	Medium submarines, built using German project (early version of Type IX).
K class submarine (Soviet)	Serie XIV	11	Cruiser submarines with combined arms.
TS class submarine		3	Former submarines of the Royal Romanian Navy: Rechinul (TS-1), Marsuinul (TS-2) and Delfinul (TS-3)

Post war era

Attack submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Built	Assignment
611, AB611	Zulu class	26	Large oceanic submarines
613	Whiskey class	215	Medium multi-purpose submarines
615	Quebec class	30	Small submarines with full-diesel propulsion
617	Whale class	1	Experimental submarines which had a Walter engine fuelled by high test peroxide (HTP)
633	Romeo class	20	Medium submarines
641	Foxtrot class	75	Large oceanic submarines
641Б Cом (Som, catfish)	Tango class	18	Large oceanic submarines
690 Кефаль (Kefal, mullet)	Bravo class		Target submarine for torpedo exercises
877, 877Э, 877ЭКМ, 877В, 877ЛПМБ, 877ЭК Paltus (turbot)	Kilo class	24	Large submarines
636, 636М (Varshavyanka, after Warsaw Pact)	Improved Kilo class	31	Large submarines
677 Лада (Lada, goddess of love)		1	Large submarines
1650 Амур (the Amur River)		0	Modification of Lada class for export
865 Пиранья (Piran'ya, piranha)	Losos class (Salmon)	2	Midget submarines

Guided missile submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Built	Assignment
P613	Whiskey Single Cylinder		1 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
644	Whiskey Twin Cylinder		2 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
665	Whiskey Long Bin		4 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
651	Juliett	16	Four SS-N-3 Shaddock (P-5 or P-6), or SS-N-12 Sandbox (P-500 4K-80 Basalt)

Ballistic missile submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
629, 609, 601, 605, 619	Golf		24	3 × Project 629 boats D-1 launch system with R-11FM missiles

Auxiliary submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Built	Assignment
940 Ленок	India	2	2 × Poseidon class DSRV's
1710 Макрель	Beluga	1	It was an experimental vessel used for testing propulsion systems, hull forms, and boundary-layer control techniques.
1840	Lima	1	Large special. It was used for trying out new technologies, research, or special mission support